Built from the City's minutes records — no AI-written textBriefing final
The City's record
What the City's record shows
Built only from the City's minutes (1213_CE_Sp_Minutes_04_18_2024.pdf). Page numbers are the minutes' own. Discussion is in the minutes' text; it is not summarised here.
Attendance (the roll call)
Listed present when the roll was taken: George Brown, Josue Otero, Michael Simpson, Melissa Acosta, Dik Muller
(Checked against the ballots and the printed roll lines; no independent membership list of this board is available to confirm that the roll is complete.)
Listed absent: Lloyd Roberts, Chris Davis, Sharri Scott
Also listed as present (staff and other roles): Augusto Gonzalez (Interim Code Enforcement Manager), Micheal Mack (Code Enforcement Officer), Michael Foiger (Code Enforcement Officer), Debra Babb-Nutcher (Board Attorney), Kristin Eick (City Attorney), Darla Crowl (Recording Secretary)
Adopted actions (1)
to approve to the workshop agenda of April 18, 2024 (moved by Simpson, seconded by Muller); CARRIED — the City's minutes, p. 1
Agenda (the City's wording)
No agenda for this meeting was found in the City records this site holds. That does not mean the City published none.
Transcript Partial transcript
Machine transcription of the meeting recording. The words are the recognizer's, except where a passage is marked as corrected or machine re-recognized; most have
not been checked against the audio, so words, numbers and names can be misheard.
It describes what was said. It cannot establish who voted how, an amount or an outcome — the City's
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A time links to its passage, and “Copy link” copies that link. No recording can be started from here.
262 suspect passage(s) marked in place; inspection incomplete: language review.
How this transcript was made. New machine transcription of the whole recording, with 8 voices separated from the audio.
16 short machine repair(s) (16 word(s)) are labelled in place, with the original words beside them: an ordinary word was replaced only where two further machine readings agreed on a different one.
Checks run on this transcript: the recognizer's own warning signs and whether a voice was detected where the words are. Not completed: language review.
A second, independent machine reading was compared with it word by word: the same words for 94.2% of 14,649 content words.
Dotted words (307 places) are ordinary wording differences: hover or tap to see the other reading.
262 passages (19% of the words) are marked suspect: their words are not shown ("unclear audio") and support no statement: numbers, amounts, negation or names differ; the language review questioned them; or no voice was detected there.
Agreement between two machine readings is not verification.
Inspection is incomplete: language review.
Speakers were separated by voice. A plain name rests on evidence tied to that voice; “provisional” is a name from an earlier text-only pass and is not verified; “Speaker N” is an unidentified voice.
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and she is assistant city attorney for the city of Coco. She will be speaking in the second half of the workshop. We'll keep this to just under two hours so we can start the board on time. This first slide shows you where you all get your authority. It's chapter 162, Florida statutes.
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And this process, this code enforcement board process, which is sometimes done through a magistrate, but Coco has chosen the code board process. It's supposed to be equitable. It's supposed to be expeditious and effective and inexpensive. So those are also things that we all need to keep in mind that these are the underlying purposes of why you're here. The process really begins with the code officers. The code officers are the ones who find violations or receive complaints about potential violations. One thing that was changed in recent time is that anonymous complaints cannot come before the board. You can't get a case that was initiated by an anonymous complaint. ‸ Anyone who calls code enforcement to complain about a potential violation has to give their name and contact information. Otherwise, we get our complaints from the officers doing their routine inspections through the city.
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what's called a notice of violation. That notice of violation will describe what the violation is, cite the city code. ‸ We want to make sure the proper code is cited. And ‸ the statute requires a reasonable time to correct the violation. So after the officer gives the homeowner or property owner a reasonable time to correct, the officer will go back to inspect. And if there is compliance, then generally the case is done. If there is not compliance, I know our officers continue to try to work with the property owner.
The standard violations are the ones that you see most. They're the first time the property owner has been issued any kind of notice of violation or first time for this particular violation. And they come before you and you are assessing whether they have committed the violation. And if so, how much time to give them to comply and what type of daily fine you choose to ‸ assess.
You also will sometimes see what's called a repeat violation. We don't see them very often, but they are out there. They have to be properly noticed ‸ as a repeat violation. A repeat violation occurs when this same person has to be the same person has committed the same violation, has to be the exact same violation within the past five years. It doesn't matter if it's on the same property. It could be on ‸ a completely different property that that person owns. If they have committed that same violation within the past five years, they can be issued a notice of a repeat violation.
That case can come right before you. And the unique thing about repeat violations. If you do find, if you agree that this is a repeat ‸ violation, that fine, whatever fine you decide is appropriate, starts to run from the date the officer first observed the repeat violation. So let's say that a violation of junk and debris was found three years ago on a particular property.
fine from the day that officer saw the violation again. Um, so depending on how long it takes to get before you, that fine could already be running. So that's something to keep in mind. The other distinction with repeat violations is that you can find up to $500 per day for how long the violation lasts. And if they come into compliance by the time it gets to a hearing, you can go ahead and enter an order for the number of days from the day the officer first saw the violation until the day it came into violation.
the notice of violation, if the officers feel like this is something that is a recurring problem, they can bring that recurring problem to you. And even though that violator has already complied. Hey, I ‸ moved my cars. I'm, I'm in compliance. You can't find me. Florida statutes allows a case to come before you if it is a recurring violation. And we're talking about things like people parking on the lawn consistently. They get the notice of violation. They move their car. Two days later, the car's back on the, on the drive,
Officer comes by issues, a notice of violation. Again, they move the car. So things that are happening three, four times, that's an opportunity for the officers to bring a recurring violation to this board. I don't know that we've really seen one of those, um, here with this board. Another kind of violation. It's, it's a very distinct violation. It's called a serious threat violation. Um, we rarely use this process, but what this process allows if the officer believes something is very dangerous. And I like to, I like to look at it in terms of a tree's about to fall onto somebody's house, or there's an open pool, a swimming pool in an
where there's children and, uh, there, somebody could fall in and drown. Those could be quantified as a serious threat to the public. If there is a serious threat, the officer still gives them notice, but doesn't have to give them time to comply and can quickly bring the case to the code board where the code board can decide. Yes, we feel this is a serious threat. What's the consequence of that? That the consequence is if you find a serious threat, you can have the city. Fix it, or you can ask the city if they wish to fix that violation. And
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You can assess those charges to that property owner on top of whatever fine you would impose. Again, we don't do that process very often. It's a pretty unique process, not one that we want to do a whole lot. We would really only want to leave it to extremely serious, uh, cases that threaten the public.
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the code enforcement officers might bring something like that to you is a nuisance abatement case, right? ‸ And typically in those cases, they would find a nuisance exists and that allows them to go and abate the, the, the violation, meaning they can go correct it unless it's appealed. And essentially you would be acting in that capacity as an appellate body. Um, and so there's different ways or strategic ways that, um, the, the code, uh, officers might bring a case
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we occasionally will get a nuisance abatement appeal before the board. And that's when staff has already tried to, uh, get something corrected or they did go ahead and get something corrected. Even a demolition of a house. Um, and then the, the property owner appeals to the code board. Again, we don't see those too often. All right. The hearing itself, all code board meetings are open to the public. They're all recorded. All of the testimony is under oath. Uh, respondent must be given proper notice of the hearing and a fair opportunity to be heard.
court hearing where rules of evidence apply. There are no established rules of evidence for code board hearings, but there's always due process, meaning that the person got noticed and the person is given an opportunity to be heard. Opportunity to be heard, what does that mean? Well, that means that they're allowed to speak. They don't get unreasonably cut off when they're trying to explain their case. They're allowed to present evidence. Sometimes they don't know how to do that. And sometimes they'll just have something on their phone, which I typically will allow them to pass their phones around so that you can see what they're talking about. It also means they have the right to have an attorney present with them. That's the opportunity to be heard. And we don't want to cut people off if they're providing relevant testimony and they're not repeating themselves over and over. The evidence that they're allowed to present can be documents, photographs. They can present their neighbor to testify. They can provide whatever evidence they think is necessary to state their case. But it has to be relevant and it cannot be repetitive. And the chair or the board attorney can reign people in. We ‸ should remember that the chair leads the meeting. So if the chair feels like something is just getting repetitive over and over and over, the chair can step in and say, I think this is a repetitive testimony. Or sometimes board council will make a comment that
and your evidence has to be relevant. Hearsay, we all kind of know what hearsay is. Hearsay technically is an out of court statement made to prove the truth of the matter asserted. So it's in regular courtroom hearsay is generally not allowed unless there's an exception. In code enforcement or quasi judicial hearsay is generally allowed and you get hearsay testimony all the time. ‸ That's about all you get really is hearsay. And you get, it's okay to rely on hearsay evidence. It's best if you have corroborating evidence, like some pictures that go along with whatever the hearsay evidence is. And if there's any doubt, any question of if, if some hearsay evidence should be allowed, just ask, ask me, ask your board council and I can help with ‸ that. When the officer is giving generally how we do it is the officer goes first, the city presents its case.
The city has the burden of proof on every case presented to you with the exception of lien reductions. The burden of proof in it's, it's kind of like a civil matter. It's, it's slightly more likely than not that a violation occurred. So you are the judge of whether the code enforcement officers have proven their case, have met their burden of proof. The officers testimony should describe the violation.
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that you know what law we're talking about. It's their obligation to provide you whatever kind of evidence. And generally it's photographic evidence of the violation. And I like to have the code officers do kind of a running commentary while they're presenting the photographs. So they can explain this is showing the broken windows. This is showing the junk car in the back so that you don't have to, you know, look at the photo and try to figure out what it is you're seeing. It's best if the officers can tell you this is a photograph of a junk car in the back.
And I would encourage them to be more proactive in giving a narrative instead of just showing pictures. Uh, another, uh, problem that I see sometimes is the pictures are just being shown and a board member will go ahead and make a motion
there ‸ and viewed by you before you make a motion. So Florida law requires that the board members make a decision based only on the evidence presented only on the evidence presented.
the property or the property owner. Um, you should not consider any outside information that you may or may not have heard that, uh, the reason is you might be seen as biased or you're, um, prejudging somebody before all the evidence is in.
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of the officer of the property owner, a tenant or any relevant witness. Um, again, make sure you've carefully reviewed the photos and heard the testimony of the officer and any witnesses. Um,
state your factual findings. Which we don't always do here, but recent case law has suggested you need to do a better job of putting facts behind your motions. Um, I moved to find violation because that grass is. 10 feet tall, or, you know, put some kind of facts in there so that we can make a record.
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forget that is just a recommendation. Um, you are not obliged to follow the recommendations of the code officers. That is just their recommendation. And
And that's based on some recent case law suggesting that there's a lack of due process. If you just lump all of one fine on all the violations, then that doesn't give the opportunity for the person to take away at the violations to reduce the running fine.
that each violation has a particular fine attributed to it. Uh, when you are proposing a fine in your motion, the Florida statutes gives you three factors that you must consider the gravity of the violation. How serious is this? Is this an open pool in a neighborhood full of children? That's pretty grave. That is serious. Is it the grass is kind of high? That's probably not quite as serious unless we're harboring rats and snakes and nasty things.
violation and staff should let you know, has this been a cooperative owner? Uh, or have they been ignoring them? Um, that's something that you can take into consideration. If they're very cooperative, then take that into consideration into in assessing your fine. The third criteria, any previous violations,
If it's a repeat violation, $500 per day is the maximum fine. And when there is something, uh, irreparable or irreversible, you can assess a fine up to $5,000 per violation. It's not a daily fine. It's just per violation. Um, for irreparable violations, I ‸ typically look at somebody cuts down a tree without a permit. They weren't allowed to, to do that, um, that you can't fix. Uh, ‸ toppled tree. So that is kind of, uh, the kind of irreparable violation. We often look at. Again, you don't see those very often. After you've made your, your motion, then the vote. Um, ‸ the findings shall be by motion approved by a majority of those board members present and voting at least four members of a seven member board must vote in order for the action to be official. The chairperson is a voting member and sir Roberts is not here for me to remind him that he has to vote. Uh, your, your vote should be audible so that Darla can, uh, can acknowledge your vote.
enough so that Darla can pick up who's, who's voting, then we should stick with that method. Okay. Okay. So in, in your typical case, you're hearing, this is
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first time that you're hearing this particular case. You give the ‸ person 10 days to come into compliance or a $50 per day fine will begin to run. The code officer goes out there after 10 days to determine if it's coming to compliance. If it hasn't come into compliance, the code officer will bring that case back to you. And we call those compliance hearings. Sometimes they're also called Massey hearing.
or something to, um, to assess whether they complied. So if there is compliance within the date set forth in your order, the case generally doesn't come back before you. You don't even see the case and generally staff will close that particular clip case. If the owner does not bring the property into compliance by the date set forth in the order, the case will come back to you. And as we all know, all you have to do is figure out, did they comply? It is not the time to rehash whether a violation ever existed. It is only whether they complied and the, the officer should be bringing forth evidence of very recent photos ‸ so that you can see, um, the recent conditions of the property. And it's the property owners, um, right to tell you, Hey, I think I did comply. And these are all the reasons why I think I did come into compliance. Then
there was compliance or not compliance. If you find there was not compliance, um, there is an order imposing a fine. And once that order gets recorded, that becomes a lien on that person's property and that lien will stay there until full compliance is achieved with the, with the, um, order. The property owner has 30 days to appeal and that appeal goes straight to circuit court. Okay.
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say. Okay. So under the codes for city of cocoa, the code board gives a recommendation, uh, upon an application for lien reduction. The difference with lien reductions,
The person has to fill out the application. They have to provide the relevant evidence. They have to pay the ‸ recording fees and, um, that they're the ones who initiate. Uh,
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Uh, there are factors that you shall consider on a lien reduction application. You have to consider the gravity of the violation. Again, um, you look at how long it took that person to bring the property into compliance. Um, the accrued amount of the code enforcement fine.
why, why do we want to know that? I, I suspect that if it's a, you know, $200,000 fine on a house that's worth $50,000. That's something that the board would want to take into consideration that the, the fine itself has far exceeded the value of the property. Uh, any previous or subsequent code violations? That's very relevant. You want to know is this, is this a pattern? Is this somebody who's constantly violating codes? Um, and then just wants to come and, and reduce one of the liens. Uh, it's their burden to show up. There's some financial hardship to them to, to pay the fines. And you can consider any other mitigating circumstances. Have they had a lot of health issues? Has, has there been a death in the family?
even the ones who committed the violations and they didn't even own the property at the time the violations occurred. In fact, you see this a lot. Uh, you'll see somebody who either wants to buy the property or has already bought the property and, um, realizes that there's these liens. And then once, uh, you know, they fix it up and then they want you to drastically reduce the lien. Um, that's understandable something to keep in mind. A lot of times ‸ a title work will reveal what the liens are.
for a person who buys a property with liens on it to come before you to say, I had no idea there were liens on the property because a title search would have revealed the liens on the property. Sometimes people choose to go ahead and buy a piece of property with the liens on it and they'll set money aside and escrow to pay those liens. Um, so that's something that you may want to ask about as well when somebody is, is a new owner.
and then, uh, you give the recommendation. Now there is something I want to comment on the staff's recommendation staff ‸ will generally give you a sheet, a breakdown of costs sheet and we'll say, okay, you know,
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any of the criteria into consideration. If all you're going to do is enter an order, a recommendation for staff costs. So I don't think that it's a good idea to only look at what staff's costs are and agree to recommend a reduction to staff costs because it doesn't take those factors into consideration. Okay, I have given you all, um, a sheet that has sample motions. Probably should have given you one of these a while ago, but I know we have a lot of new people and I'm hoping that this is helpful for some of you who feel a little uncomfortable making a motion.
That is always a great way to start, but here's this little cheat sheet here. Um, in case you'd like the help in determining how to start your motion for your standard case, when
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and daily fine may be imposed for each violation as follows. And then you cite the violation and then cite the fine amount that you wish to, to have. I would appreciate it if you would say that you have considered the factors that are in the statute gravity of the violation actions taken by the violator to correct the violation and any previous violations. Of course, to do that, you have to have that information presented to you. So hopefully staff will, will, um, make sure that they can cite those factors to you when they're giving their presentation. Even the gravity of ‸ the violation stuff, they're the ones who are out there. They can see ‸ how bad it is. So they, they can be the ones to tell you that this situation is really bad.
If you've heard all the testimony and you just think, sorry, these officers just didn't cut it on this one. Uh, we don't see the violation. I moved to find that respondent is not in violation. And then the case is closed. That's, it's as simple as that.
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A standing order is when they were in violation. And they've corrected it. So there's no fine, but staff wants you to go ahead and establish that a violation did occur. And why would that be?
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violator. So then the fine will start to run once the code officer sees that happen again. So. They can bring a case to you if they didn't comply by the time they set it in their notice of violation.
Staff can still bring that to you and ask you to enter what, what we always call a no fine standing order. You're not assessing a fine, but you're finding that they were in violation. Same can be done on recurring violations. That's number four, a repeat violation.
And by the time it gets to you, they've complied. So number five is, is how you might want to read that one or they can be a repeat violation and the fine is still going. They have not complied.
Uh, sometimes we, we think that a case is has got too many issues and there's, uh, other things that need to be resolved before you can make a decision and you want to continue the case. I
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to continue the case and you can put to the next available meeting or you can, if ‸ you think it's something that'll take six months, then I move to continue the case. Six months. Um, it's as simple as that. When it comes to the compliance hearing, you know, that's that second hearing when it comes to the compliance hearing. It's pretty simple.
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be imposed. Pretty simple. If the, if the violator. Did not comply by the date you said they needed to comply, but they have complied before the hearing. You can address that as well where I say, note the violation has since complied on blank date and therefore a fine in the amount of whatever has accrued.
when something is very serious and you find them in violation. Here's the language that you would use if you want to have the city notified and ask the city to fix, um, fix the violation.
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All right. Um, I'm opening it up to questions. ‸ Briefly. And then if you don't have questions, I will turn it over to Kristen. There any questions so far?
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I do have a place that a friend of mine has got an email if I had to send it there, but it could be neglected. I don't look at it all the time. Okay. I'm just an old dude that don't use computers.
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so that's something that you would consider, the board would consider with past violations. If there's a number of past or subsequent violations, that's something the board must take into consideration in granting or denying. Again, you can deny a lien reduction. Nothing nothing says you have to give a lien reduction. Say this is the 20th time this person has been before you orand they constantly ask for lien reductions. You can deny it or recommend denial.
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can go to the next door neighbor and ask the neighbor permission. um and if it's easy to look over the fence, you can't go to any dramatic measures to look over the fence. But if it's if you can see the violation from the neighbor's backyard,
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the the way to deal with that is to make sure you put in the record when you're assessing the fines why you're choosing that fine amount. that's That's why we have those factors, the gravity of the violation, the time it took, uh any prior or subsequent violations. So if you can give an explanation when you're assessing a fine, that's the best way to prevent the city from being sued. And the city
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where it's substantially a different fine for one piece of property or one property owner versus what you always do for everyone else, then then somebody might raise, well, it's because I'm you know part of some protected group or i'm you know I'm, I don't know,
um if If they raise some kind of issue that can't be explained by the evidence that was presented, then, you know, the city could be sued. But it's very, very, very rare um when that happens because it's, it's not typical where there's such a huge ‸ variation in the fines. I
have one other question. When we vote and there's some nays and there's some yeas, I would like to, if I'm a nay, I would like to have my name put down as brown nay. If we're all the same, name then that's, that's the general vote. We don't have to have individual names. But I want to be noted why I say this. So if they go to the records, Ii want a record of how I voted and why. Well,
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‸ Well, the, you know, that, it does, it does get recorded. So there's always a way to know how a person voted, even if it doesn't always show up in the minutes who voted how. um That's a good point because sometimes we can't tell who's saying yay or nay. And in those cases, I will sometimes ask to do a roll call um so we can establish who is saying yay and who is saying
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off. I'm not like I used to be where I could jump up because I work on cars and everything else. And when you get underneath cars, you gotta push yourself up and move yourself around.
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I am the assistant city attorney for Cocoa. Sometimes, occasionally I'll fill in for Deborah. She's not available to attend your meetings. Typically, I also cover the planning and zoning board meetings and the board of adjustment meetings. So, I regularly attend those meetings. And so, as we were thinking about doing this training, Deborah asked that I come and cover in a little bit more detail some of the things about quasi judicial procedures.
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And I'll talk about some of the just more general laws that apply to the code boards such as sunshine law, you know, public records, code of ethics, those types of things. So, that's the second half of the training here. So, okay, I just starting with the quasi judicial procedure. So, as Deborah already started talking about, you know, at a really high level, if I were to describe what a quasi judicial procedure is, it would be a hearing where you would expect the person deciding or the board deciding on that case to basically behave like a judge, right? They are not necessarily subject to all the strict rules that a judge would be subject to, but you would expect to be treated generally in that way. So, the definition that's usually used in Florida law is that a
decision has an impact on a limited number of individuals. Or in the case of like a land use decision, property owners and are contingent on the facts that are adduced at the hearing and where the decision can be functionally viewed as policy application rather than policy. So, what does that mean? So, what
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Right. That was a decision by the city council to establish for a limited period of time, a process to reduce code code liens. And there was a formula established, um, and, and that window was open again for, for a limited period of time.
If you're in a quasi judicial hearing setting, um, any decision that you make would be reviewed by, uh, for example, a circuit court or any reviewing appellate court for three different things. Have you, have you met these three different criteria? Those are one, have you afforded procedural due process? We've already talked about, uh, procedural due process a little bit in the last, uh, hour, but I'm going to talk about it a little bit as well. Have you observed essential requirements of law and does the, is the decision based on competent and substantial evidence? So I'm going to touch a little bit on each of those three, um, aspects of a quasi judicial hearing that needs to be
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Um, for each case that you, that you're hearing. So on the procedural due process, um, again, that requires reasonable notice of the hearing, um, and an opportunity to be heard on the matters at issue.
Did they, you know, did the code enforcement officers give them 10 days in advance? Did they fill out an affidavit? Did they do the things that they need to do to meet the Florida statutes?
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be able to present evidence. They are allowed to cross examine witnesses. So it would be rare, but it's possible that someone could, um, come up and want to cross examine. One of the code enforcement officers. It's happened before, especially if someone is represented by an attorney, they may want to cross examine the code enforcement officer. They may want to cross examine witnesses that have been, um, presented on the case. Um, they also have to be, uh, the party should be informed of all the facts that are presented to the
Again, that means all the evidence should be, um, in the record. It should be presented here at the hearing before them. You shouldn't be receiving evidence outside of this room, um, about that case. It should all be presented to you here and should be easily determined when, let's say a reviewing court. If it's, if the decision is appealed, they know how, what evidence, what the evidence was that you based your decision on. So it all needs to be here in the record. Procedural due process also requires that you all behave in an impartial manner. If you feel that you have a case before you that you cannot act in an unbiased manner, um, and you can't do that without having a prejudgment of what, of the issues.
Ex-party communications are contacts that are made by an interested party, uh, to a proceeding with a decision maker outside of the presence of other parties. Um, and that, so let's just give an example. Um, if a property owner gets a notice of violation and they do
It should not occur because, um, you know, again, you are all supposed to be acting like a judge and you would not expect that if you were coming into a court proceeding. That your judge had talked to the other party outside of your presence. Right?
If it happens, it needs to be disclosed on the record at the beginning of that case or that hearing. So you need to would basically need to, uh, explain on the record, this person contacted me and, you know, told me such an, you know, whatever, whatever the substance of the conversation was. Um, ‸ to try to avoid that head, you really, you know, my suggestion to you is if a property owner does contact you, try to, you know, avoid that communication. Let them know. I'm not able to talk to you about your case outside of the hearing. Just, you know, bring it to the hearing, explain it there.
Right? So try to avoid that kind of communication because, um, you know, obviously the idea would be if, if, you know, if the communication is so prejudicial, that might put you in a place where you might not be able to participate in that vote. So we want to avoid ex party communications as much as possible. All right. So, as I said, we should avoid ex party communications concerning cases.
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So for example, if someone, if a, if a property owner does approach you, one other possible thing you might do is suggest maybe you want to talk to your, the code enforcement, uh, officer, or you want to talk to the city manager.
communications, those communications have to be publicly disclosed written communication. So if you receive an email from a property owner about their case, um, that should be forwarded to the code board clerk and that would become part of the record. Um, and again, I, as I said, if it's a verbal communication, then you would disclose by announcing to the board, um, prior to, to the commencement of that case, what the nature of your conversation was with that person. And when, when, when it occurred.
about the, the ex party communications, because that really is an element of, again, of making sure that proper procedural due process is afforded to each person that comes before you. Um,
second, um, I guess, uh, characteristic of the, uh, or review, um, standard that would be, uh, used for your code board cases, um, is whether you've observed the essential requirements of law. Well, what does that mean? That means that you, the board has applied the correct law that is applicable to your decision.
and again, you know, you're, you're looking at certain code violations that have been noticed in the notice of violation, right? And the criteria, what, what, what I would call criteria is really what are the elements or the things required by the code for each thing cited, right? Um, if it's weeds, you know, you have tall weeds. Well, has the
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Have they done all of the things that are listed in that code section? Um, and there is, there's, you know, stricter compliance is required for determining each violation exists. The, as, as Deborah mentioned before,
um, or that the respondent hasn't come into compliance in a timely manner as ordered by the board. I gave a couple examples here. So, um, this was this Orange County versus Lewis case, just to kind of explain what observing the essential requirements of law means. Um,
violation of the zoning ordinance for using their agricultural property to store a mobile home. The code board had found that there was a violation for having that mobile home on the agricultural property. The circuit court actually reversed the code board and then the appellate court said, no, you know, the code board actually got it right because the circuit court said, well, there was nobody living in it. Nobody living in the mobile homes. There was no, there was no violation.
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nothing in the code actually required somebody to live in that mobile home. As long as there was a mobile home on the property, that was a violation. So I'm just giving you an example of how that might play out, um, in, in a court. Again, you're looking at what does the code actually say and, you know, has the code enforcement officer proven, proven that to you and, you know, they're going to look at that very carefully.
one of the cases that Deborah started talking about or alluded to when she said that we're starting to try to put more details in our motions. Um, that case said, well, you know, this was actually a special magistrate decision, um, that was appealed and the special magistrate did not include any findings of fact or conclusions of law. In their decision.
and talked about defenses that they may have had. In that case, it was, you know, the, the code, um, officer or the, the city had actually permitted the work that they then claimed was a violation. So they at least raised some defense and there was no evidence or suggestion in the record that, you know, the, that the special magistrate had actually considered those defenses or there was really nothing for the court to go on.
to try and be, um, more specific about the reasons why you are finding your violation, a violation exists or doesn't exist when you're making your motion. And that is a fairly recent case.
is that the decision has to be based on competent and substantial evidence. Um, again, what, what does that mean? Well, it means that you have received relevant evidence that a reasonable mind would accept as adequate to support a ‸ conclusion. Um,
you know? And as Deborah said, is it, it's basically just slightly more than, than not. Have they, have they slightly, uh, met that, that burden? There has to be some quantity, which the court says is more than a scintilla. They like to use fun words like that. Some quantity of legally admissible evidence supporting each criteria, or in this case, each, um, as I call them, like element of the violation that you, uh, have been presented. The court, um, if there, if it's a, your decision would be appealed, the court won't actually go and reweigh the evidence.
the court will, um, uphold that determination. But as we said before, the, uh, the evidence has to be contained in the record. So again, very important that you base your decisions only on what's presented to you here and that's recorded.
uh, and comparison of what, uh, quasi judicial versus a legislative decision might, might be. Um, the, this, we went over the standards of review here, which were the, the three prongs that I talked about, um, for the quasi judicial decisions. Um, and we, we said it's not applying policy or creating policy, but you're applying codes that have already been created or approved by the city to determine whether someone has violated that code.
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the Sunshine Law is it really requires three things. It requires meetings of a governing board or or even an advisory body to be held in public. There has to be notice to the public when that meeting is going to take place and there has to be minutes of that meeting taken. So those are the three essential requirements of the Sunshine Law.
board or commission of any agency or authority of a county, municipality or political subdivision at which official acts are to be taken are declared to be public meetings open to the public at all times and no resolution rule or formal action shall be considered binding except as taken or made at such a meeting. So, you know, and I'll cover this in another slide, but but essentially
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saying if there is a meeting that occurs and it wasn't properly noticed, let's say, that action may be void of the board. We would have to go back and cure that that notice and and correct it. So the like I said, the formal action that you take would not be binding. It would be it would be void. So it is important to make sure that all of our our meetings are properly noticed and that the meetings that take place occur only in this room in a place where they can be recorded minutes can be kept and so forth.
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It the Florida law provides that a meeting can occur even if it's only between two members doesn't even require a quorum. If you are discussing board business or matters which could reasonably and foreseeably come before the board. Um, then that between two board members at least two. Then that meeting that is considered a meeting and it needs to be noticed and it needs to be occur in the public. Uh, uh,
Um, as I said, minutes need to be taken also and they will be made available for public inspection at a later date. So, um, some of the more complicated issues related to the sunshine law start to emerge when you mix in email or electronic, uh, communication, right? People are you're you're it's much easier, um, to have a meeting perhaps than it used to be, um, by texting or on social media or all those kinds of things.
can, a meeting can occur via writing and it can occur even if it doesn't happen. Right. Simultaneously, obviously, right. You can send a text message and an hour later someone responds. A meeting has occurred in that case. Um, I included this, this, uh, point on the slides, although I don't think that, um, I certainly wouldn't recommend that you all do it.
but there are, uh, attorney general opinions that say you could have, um, what are called position statements that are sent to other, uh, board members if you want to provide information or provide your position on an issue. Um, you could do that, uh,
So, um, you know, there's, there's always that risk that somebody is going to hit reply all. So it's, it's certainly not recommended. Um, but it is allowed technically under the sunshine law,
But in your situation, as I said, it may pose other procedural due process concerns, right? If you all are taking a position about something and you know, that, that email is sent out to the board and that's not really made part of the record, things like that. It can cause issues for, for the types of cases that you're hearing. This really is something that I like, like I said, is more applicable to, uh, like the city council or a policy setting board rather than a quasi judicial board.
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Yeah. Um, again, this is probably more applicable to, uh, this is more applicable to, uh, the city council, but the sunshine law itself does not prohibit the board from taking action on a, on an item. That's not specifically on the agenda. However, as I said, other procedural due process concerns or code requirements requiring certain notice might, uh, prevent you from doing so.
comes up on your, um, agendas that is just added at the last minute. Um, sunshine law and public comment. Well, again, in general, members of the public at, at public meetings have to be given a reasonable opportunity to be heard on a proposition before a board or commission. Um, that basically means that before final action is taken, let's say at a city council meeting, um, anyone who wants to speak on that, on that issue has to be given the opportunity to do so. That doesn't apply to you as a code enforcement enforcement board, because there is a specific exception in the sunshine law for quasi judicial, uh, ‸ hearings. So anyone who comes to a code enforcement board meeting certainly is welcome to sit and listen to the proceedings, listen to what's going on. That does not give that person the right to come up and speak to you.
a case, of course, they have the right to come up and speak to you. But if it's, let's say a neighbor or someone who lives across the, you know, across the street, whatever, they don't have the right to come up and
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Okay. So you do not need to take a public comment on cases. And, you know, unless the board was considering something generally or taking, let's say you were going to, um, adopt a policy about, about something. Let's, I'm just using an example. If you were going to adopt a policy about how the board would issue subpoenas. Okay. That would be something where you would need to take public comment, but not on your quasi judicial
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Is that at the conclusion of the hearing, the board has to issue findings of fact based on the evidence in the record and conclusions of law. We've talked about that.
sunshine law does require you to vote. Um, unless you have a, uh, you have to abstain because of, again, you have, um, you know, you have to recuse yourself because you are biased, right? Or you're unable to, to participate in that decision.
So basically, unless you have those two things, um, either one of those two things, you must participate in each vote that comes before you. Even on things that are as simple as approving the minutes, right?
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the last, last hearing, let's say you still need to vote on approving the minutes. You must vote. All right. So just to kind of wrap up on the sunshine law. Um, these are my sunshine law don'ts, uh, do not talk about matters during recesses. Um, do not talk about matters that, uh, are gonna ‸ come before the board, um, either before or after ‸ meetings.
Okay. Don't pass notes or whisper, um, to other members during a meeting, um, because what, what goes on needs to be, um, the, the public needs to be able to hear what's going on. At the meeting. Uh, do not talk about board business in, in social settings generally. Um, again, that really applies if there's another board member there. Um, and do not talk about votes, hearings, or actions after the public meeting. As that matter can potentially come back to you in a different context. I know that's
hard because I know that ‸ a lot of times you, if there's something really contentious that we've, we've been dealing with after the meeting is over. Uh, it's a natural response to want to, wow. Do you believe that guy? And,
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consider. So things could could very well be sent back to you for further consideration by the City Council but you know the penalties for the Sunshine Law violations they they are pretty severe I mean, ‸ don't want to scare anybody, but you know it can be actually a criminal violation if you violate the Sunshine Law knowingly you could be removed from from your office. There could be fines that are imposed. Of course, if the City was sued as a result of a Sunshine Law violation the if they are prevailing in that lawsuit, they would be entitled to their attorneys fees. And the action, as we talked about, any action that actually occurred when there was the meeting would be void, and it would have to be redone again. So it's, it's,‸ the consequences can be severe. So if you do have questions about that, certainly you
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the public records okay so the Public Records Act essentially requires that all municipal records be open for inspection and copying by any person. And we have a duty as a city to provide access to public records if a request is made for them.
know, paper letters or, you know, paper copies. It could include books that the city has, it could include photos, it includes even things like voicemails, right? If there's a recording of that communication, it's subject to the public records act. the records that are, can our public records have to be retained in accordance with records retention schedules that are dictated by the state. And
kind of record it is how long it has to be kept before it can be destroyed. And some records have to be kept forever in perpetuity. So it just depends on what it is. there's no requirement that requests for a public record or for public records has to be made in writing or in a particular format I think some people have that misunderstanding they think oh you know if I get a request for a public record I tell them to go to see the city clerk and you have to fill out a form. No, that's that's actually not accurate. If someone makes a‸ is asking you as a board member for a record that you have related to the code enforcement board and your role in the code enforcement board
you know, you're dealing with. You're dealing with a public records request at that point, even if they haven't made some formal request in writing or on a particular form. So let Darla know if you think you may have received a request for for a record
to you. um I have given kind of a bullet point list here of the prohibitions. um And I don't necessarily want to go through each and every one, but I will say that this is a very complicated area of law. um Even though I've given you a lot of, like I said, these bullet points, there are a lot of exceptions that exist. There is a whole body of uh ethics opinions that have been issued by the Florida Commission on Ethics applying these rules. So if you have questions about something that you think might you know trigger
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or the city attorney because um there could be an exception that applies or or what have you. It usually is not necessarily an easy answer. I'll put it that ‸ way. um you uh I guess I'll just start with um
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let's not do that. um So don't accept any gifts knowing that they're trying to influence your your vote on this board. um If you have a business business, um
there are a lot of exceptions to that rule. But if you are a business person and you plan to do business with the city or think you want to do business with the city, that's something that should be brought to our attention before you before you do that. um
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or be employed by an employer where it's going to create a continuing or frequently occurring conflict of interest. It it will, let's say that you uh your business was a, I'm just giving an example, your business uh was buying uh ‸ maybe, um I'm trying to think of a good example. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Like if you were doing a software, that's not really that related to the code board. But nevertheless, uh
because you might have an interest in making sure that there's more liens on properties, right? If you have have an interest in in uh going out and demolishing properties. So if there's something like that, again, talk
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‸ And uh we, can you cannot vote on any measure which would in your to the special private gain or loss. That is a voting conflict. And I'm going to cover that on the next slide. So I'll just move on to that.
this is the last slide. So voting conflicts. are a particular section of the code of ethicsethics. And it provides that no municipal officer or public officer can vote in an official capacity on any measure which would inured to his or her special private gain or loss. Or to the special private gain or loss of these three types of people, right?
or loss of a principal by whom you are retained. So essentially, if your client,client let's say was a, uh was here and had a code enforcement violation on the agenda,
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of the company that you work with is the subject of a code enforcement violation, again, that, that creates a conflict of interest. And finally, if it would, your vote would enter to the, special private gain or loss of a relative or a business associate of yours, um and I've provided the list here of the relatives that are in the statute and that apply. It's actually not you know any relative. It's only the relatives that are listed here. So if you you know your um son or daughter, let's say, is the subject of a code enforcement violation, again, your vote could cause a monetary loss right to your son or daughter and would create a conflict of interest were you to vote. So that that's really what what this is about. When it talks about, the statute talks about special private gain or loss, that means it must be an economic benefit or harm that could be received by you or by your relative or your um your employer your
um If you are going to have a voting conflict uh or you think you're going to have a voting conflict, again, I really strongly recommend that you talk to Deborah before the um the hearing starts so she can advise you um about that. It's not good for us to be caught off guard because, like I said, there are a lot of exceptions and the code of ethics is very nuanced, right?
um Before the vote is taken, you would have to publicly state to the board the nature of the interest, your interest in the matter, and that you would be abstaining. And then within 15 days after the vote occurs, you have to fill out a disclosure
in the discussion on that case if you were to have a voting conflict unless you first disclose the nature of your interest. In my view, I do not even recommend that. The the Florida law says that you could, if you disclose your interest, actually participate in the in the dis in the discussion on the decision and then
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end. However, I think that that may cause other types of issues, for example, procedural due process issues that we talked about. It would not be good if you had a voting conflict and you were trying to influence the other board members in a discussion, right? So my recommendation is do not participate in this in the discussion and do not vote if you believe you're going to have a voting conflict. um ‸ the uh And that memo, the form 8B has to be filed within 15 days after the meeting and
there's some competing interest Something that might be, of may not be a voting conflict per se under the Florida statute could present a procedural due process issue for the reasons we talked about before, which is you the people that come here have to have an impartial decision maker. So even if, let's say, maybe it didn't quite meet the standards here for a voting conflict, for other reasons, you might need to recuse yourself to ensure that they have an impartial, um an impartial board. um And with that, uh that's the end of my presentation. So if you have any questions, I'm happy to take them. um I think, yeah, we did pretty well on time.
anybody was living in this trailer that was illegal. How did it get that far? yeah I mean, we ask all kinds of questions to try to eliminate something like that happening.
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an answer for that. um I mean, again, you know, that case really just brought uh ‸ really reinforced that the the Florida statutes require you to make findings and conclusions. That's really the takeaway from that case. And so, you know, we need to make sure that we do that to the best extent uh possible. I
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it could end up coming back to you later. And I mean, one thing is, for example, like a notice of violation, your first hearing, you certainly don't want to be talking to another uh code board member about that case when it's going to come back to you for the Massey hearing, right? You know that that
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of the public is not public. So when you're talking to other code board members after the meeting or a week later, the members of the public aren't aware of what you're talking about.
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Yes, that's a public record. But if you're talking to the person about information that that could make you look like you're biased or unreasonably what you're saying favor
yet, I was told I had to vote on it because of, not that I was connected ‸ with these people, it's just that I knew them pretty well. I have a shop that we build cars and motors, and I really get involved with it. they're they're People come back all the time, so I get to know people.
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a recurring client a frequently recurring client, that might be something that you want to talk to to Deborah about. um ‸ Because if you're, you, the test again is whether or not that your vote would, in order to the gain or loss of that client, right? And of course, it would be in their best interest, your client's best interest for you to find that there's no violation. Okay. So if you have frequently recurring uh customers that that are coming to
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and make a decision about whether or not my friend violated the code, which could have serious financial consequences for my friend. That would be a situation where even if, like I said, they don't meet the specific voting conflicts test, you still could recuse yourself because at that point you're unable to provide an unbiased, you know, decision. But I could talk
Yeah, and of course talk to the board attorney. But again, though that I agree 100 If the person is just really a casual acquaintance, that's that's not an issue. And I mean, that's going to happen because
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